DNA damage: eukaryotic response: NKG2D: RNR

Natural killer cells: DNA damage link to innate immunity - Cell Signaling Update - Signaling Gateway: "NKG2D (natural-killer group 2, member D) is an activating receptor that is expressed at the surface of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells. NKG2D recognizes ligands that are upregulated by diseased cells, leading to the lysis of these cells"

MRC Radiation and Genome Stability Unit: "Radiation-induced damage in DNA has been shown to migrate and localise at guanine "

dNTP : "In eukaryotes, DNA damage elicits a multifaceted response that includes cell cycle arrest, transcriptional activation of DNA repair genes, and, in multicellular organisms, apoptosis. We demonstrate that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA damage leads to a 6- to 8-fold increase in dNTP levels. This increase is conferred by an unusual, relaxed dATP feedback inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). Complete elimination of dATP feedback inhibition by mutation of the allosteric activity site in RNR results in 1.6-2 times higher dNTP pools under normal growth conditions, and the pools increase an additional 11- to 17-fold during DNA damage. The increase in dNTP pools dramatically improves survival following DNA damage, but at the same time leads to higher mutation rates. We propose that increased survival and mutation rates result from more efficient translesion DNA synthesis at elevated dNTP concentrations."

Chabes A, Georgieva B, Domkin V, Zhao X, Rothstein R, Thelander L.
Survival of DNA damage in yeast directly depends on increased dNTP levels allowed by relaxed feedback inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase.
Cell. 2003 Feb 7;112(3):391-401.
Comment on: Cell. 2003 Feb 7;112(3):286-7.